TAIPEI — Taiwan should be a shining example of democracy in East Asia but it is tainted by vote-buying, and Saturday's local elections are no exception, observers say.
Taiwan's voters will go to the polls to elect mayors, county chiefs and city councillors in major parts of the island, amid reports of candidates spending their way into public office in defiance of official vows to the opposite.
"We will not buy votes during the elections and we will not become corrupt as the ruling party," said President Ma Ying-jeou, also the head of the Kuomintang party, in late November.
Just days after Ma was speaking, justice ministry data showed prosecutors were investigating 128 alleged vote-buying cases for local mayor and county chief elections, and 807 cases in local councillor elections.
"If you look at other East Asian countries like South Korea and Japan, I'd say vote-buying is worse than in the other countries by far," said Christian Schafferer, a political scientist at Taiwan's Overseas Chinese University.
The situation is particularly serious in rural areas, where local politicians enjoy enormous prestige and often have close personal connections with the voters.
"In the big cities, young people will take the money and vote for whomever they want to, or not vote at all. But older people in the countryside may feel a moral obligation," said Schafferer.
Part of the explanation is history, traceable back to the end of World War II in 1945, when a defeated Japan gave up 50 years of colonial rule on Taiwan, handing over the reins to the Kuomintang, then also the ruler in China.
The Kuomintang had no links to local Taiwanese society, which had been insulated from the mainland for half a century, and it had to ally itself with existing powerbrokers.
They were typically to be found among influential local families who had dominated their communities for generations, offering protection against disaster and public goods in return for grassroots support.
Even today, these families are often in charge, and are more crucial at the local level than the big national parties, according to Alexander Tan, an expert on Taiwan politics at New Zealand's University of Canterbury.
"Public office is seen as a private thing. They run it like a private corporation. It's quite entrenched," he said.
"The party is the big dog, and the tail is the local politicians, and the tail wags the dog."
The price of a vote can range from 500 Taiwan dollars (15 US dollars) to several thousand dollars depending on how close the race is, according to Wang Yeh-lih, a political science professor at National Taiwan University.
"Candidates usually buy votes through their key campaign staff who have close ties with the local communities," said Wang.
"The situation has been improving in recent years with more local staffers being prosecuted for vote-buying," he said.
However, weeding out the practice completely could be hard because the local factions remain crucial for political parties' ability to extend to all corners of society.
"Local families are the ones that have to be courted by the large parties, so in some sense, it's easier for the parties to look the other way and ignore what's happening," said Tan from the University of Canterbury.
"If party A says it wants to clean it up, local politicians will ask how about party B, do you want to go with us."
There is little doubt the harmful impact on democracy is real and often prevents the voice of the people being genuinely reflected in election results, according to observers.
"In an election for county chief you have to engage in massive buying but if it's an election for the city council, you don't need so many votes," said Schafferer.
"You can actually take out the other candidate by buying votes. Then of course it's not
Source: http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5h-69NJ92_rFZFyNwFhPmTsJYcO8A
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